Motif family
Sacred Combat and Ritual Warfare
Warfare, raiding, or single combat as a sacred or ritually significant activity. Includes cattle raids as cosmic catalysts, single combat at fords, and battles that determine cosmic order.
55 traditions
2,535 occurrences
2,455 mapped motifs
9 sub-families
- afro caribbean
- ainu
- akan
- amazonian
- andamanese
- arctic inuit
- arthurian
- australian aboriginal
- biblical
- buddhist
- caucasian
- celtic
- celtic irish
- celtic welsh
- christian apocrypha
- comparative
- egyptian
- estonian
- filipino
- finnish karelian
- georgian
- germanic
- greek
- greek roman
- hawaiian
- hindu
- inuit
- islamic
- islamicate folklore
- japanese
- jewish christian
- khoisan south african
- maya
- maya quiche
- mesopotamian
- mongol
- nahua
- nahua maya inca
- native american great lakes
- native american northeast woodlands
- native american northwest coast
- native american plains
- native american plateau
- native american southeast
- native american southwest
- navajo
- norse
- persian
- roman
- romanian
- shan
- slavic
- sufi
- zoroastrian
- zuni
Conserved neighbors: divine warrior · sacrifice · divine judgment · conditional invulnerability hidden weakness
Sub-families · the next landing down
Cattle Raid and Livestock War
44 motifs
- Cattle raid 7 occurrences · 2 traditions
- celtic
- celtic irish
- Cattle raid and recovery expedition 2 occurrences · 2 traditions
- celtic irish
- hindu
- cattle raid or cow-spoil 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Abundant dairy yield at a raiding camp 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- armed quest to recover or defend a valuable bull 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- bride quest joined to cattle-taking mission 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- bull-centered conflict 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- cattle acquisition for army provisioning 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- cattle as wealth and social measure 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Cattle-demand as trigger in a cattle-driving narrative 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- cattle-driving narrative frame 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- cattle raid and seizure of livestock 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- cattle raid as crisis of kingship and martial honor 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Cattle raid as narrative frame 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- cattle raid by youthful raiders 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- cattle raid catalyst 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- cattle raid ending in ambush and slaughter 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- cattle raid or tribute demand for war-provisioning 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Cattle raid resolved by treaty and restitution 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Combat sparked by disputed livestock 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Contest of royal wealth leading to quest for a prized animal 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- courtship linked to cattle-taking 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Desired prized animal to be seized by force 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- failed cattle restitution demand before renewed violence 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- fatal cattle raid and ambush 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Fortress sack with captives, treasure, and cattle taken 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Marriage conditioned on cattle raid success 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- minor cattle raid as prelude to greater cattle raid 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- non-supernatural, non-lethal raid with good ending 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- prized bull carried off while the defender is occupied 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Promised cattle connected with a fatal expedition 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- prophetic otherworldly warning before a cattle raid 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- quest or raid objective: seeking the bull 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- ravaging host gathers captives and cattle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- recovery of seized tribute cattle by animal call 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- refused gift of cattle leads to duel 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Rival rulers contest a prized guardian animal 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- supernatural cattle event initiating a heroic conflict 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- theft of cattle or oxen by a robber 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- threefold taking of valued animals 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- underworld animal as seed of future cattle raid 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Woman with sustaining cattle supports an army 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- wounded hero defending cattle alone 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Youthful hero in cattle expedition 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
Aftermath and Spoils
65 motifs
- Cooling battle-frenzy with water 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- merciful release of a captured enemy spy 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- weapon recovered from the slain body 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- appeasement of heroic wrath 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- avenging pursuit and beheading of deceiver 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- battle ended by lowering a banner 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- battlefield as corpse-feeding deathscape 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- beheading of defeated enemies 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Capture of divine horses as battle spoil 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Champion challenge followed by prolonged duel and beheading 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Champion duel ending in beheading 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- champion's prolonged single combat ending in beheading 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- choosing the harder living capture over killing 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Closure and binding of war 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- compelled messenger carries proof of defeat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- contested animal trophy as quarrel object 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- comparative
- contested hunting trophy and disputed honor 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- Decapitation of invading force by killing three leaders 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- defeated adversary becomes sworn ally 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- defeated enemy's supplication before the victor 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- defeated enemy spared and combat deferred 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- defeated opponent spared and sent as messenger 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- defeated warrior hidden while victor seeks him 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- display of enemy body parts as trophies 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- enemy heads displayed as battle trophies 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- enemy healers compelled to treat a foe 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- fallen heroic brothers under enemy triumph claim 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- head and spoils carried to rulers 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- hero bearing severed heads as trophies 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- hero's incomplete victory leaves antagonist alive 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- japanese
- hero spares vulnerable enemy because attack would lack honour 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- heroic cast severs head 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- heroic hunt with contested spoils 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek roman
- heroic self-praise through beauty, wounds, and battle-triumph 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- heroic single combat ending in beheading 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- institution of sacred games after a divine victory 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- Lone messenger after a rout 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- merciful release of enemy envoys 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- negotiated respite through return of captured goods and captives 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- posthumous proof of victory from position of bodies 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- preventing the enemy survivor from carrying the tale home 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- public lament demanding single combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- rejection of domestic wealth for battle-won treasure 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- finnish karelian
- reused weapon links separate killings 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- islamic
- rival warriors reconciled into shared command 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- japanese
- seizure of chariot as martial prize 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- severed enemy head as proof of superior prowess 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- severed head displayed among heads of prior victims 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- finnish karelian
- severed head displayed as victory token 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- severed-head trophy as warning 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- severed head used in violent confrontation 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Single hero carries off a contested trophy portion 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Sleep as prelude to decapitation 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- spared defeated enemy shamed rather than killed 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- spoils accumulated after ordeal combats 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- spoils dispute leading to wider conflict 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Spoils of battle transferred to a companion or son 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- stripping arms or spoils from the fallen enemy 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Survivor of combat left permanently maimed 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- taking heads and spoils after victory 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- taking ornate spoils from the defeated 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- vengeance for the slain youth through recognition of spoils 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- victor spares defeated opponent 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- norse
- war prize carried off from enemy territory 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Warrior displays severed enemy head and taunts opponents 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
Battle Preparation and Ritual
57 motifs
- Heroic arming before battle 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Reconnaissance before assault on a fortified enemy city 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- ritual opening of war gates 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- weapon substitution before combat 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- ancestral and household exhortation before last stand 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- arming against a feared special weapon 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- arming for combat with animal-marked equipment 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- finnish karelian
- army musters with urgent war-readiness 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- assembly of chiefs before final battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- attendant warns or praises before battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- battle-associated female ritual specialists 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- norse
- champion envoys before battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- decisive arming against a feared weapon 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- disarming rivals before vengeance 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Enemy force as flood 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- enemy spy surveys the host before battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Feast and rest before renewed battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- flyting and death-boasting before battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- foretelling or announcing armed conflict 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- gesture of challenge before battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- hero demands fair arms before combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- heroic adornment before combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- heroic arming before decisive battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- heroic rally before opposed battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- heroic reproach to rouse warriors 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- hostile chariot gesture before combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- judgment delegated to a warrior assembly 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- Marked ally distinguished before combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- night reconnaissance into the enemy camp 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- obstruction of weapon preparation by releasing water 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- ordered martial muster on a height 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Prayer for courage restrained by peace 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- prayer for steadiness before battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- islamic
- pre-combat arming and approach to the ford 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- pre-combat flyting and death threats 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- prophecy and boast before combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Quarrelsome companions unified by a leader before battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- japanese
- recognition and cataloguing of warriors before battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- recruitment of pledged warrior companion 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- finnish karelian
- Refusal of love and aid during martial duty 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- restrained eager warband before battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- ritual invocation before battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Ritualized public declaration of war by spear-casting 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek roman
- sacred battle array 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- islamic
- silent signal initiating armed alliance 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- spoken praise restores or increases hero's courage 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- steadfast remembrance before battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- islamic
- summoning aid through sorrowful warrior music 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- summoning of a warrior host after warning 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- summoning warriors by three great shouts 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- tokens of a rival’s power shown before combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- war-council contest between eloquence and action 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- warning before combat with an exceptional opponent 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Warrior band rejects an unfit companion 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- warrior excess restrained before dawn 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- warrior exhortation foretelling blood and lamentation 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Warriors adorn themselves before battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
Vengeance and Blood Feud
57 motifs
- Revenge for slain kin 3 occurrences · 2 traditions
- celtic irish
- hindu
- Animal vengeance and interspecies blood feud 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- comparative
- avenging a murdered parent 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- japanese
- avenging a slain companion 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Avenging a slain kinsman or ally through single combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Avenging expedition for a wronged sister 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- Avenging father mobilizes war after son's death 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- Bereaved parent incites collective revenge 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- blood as promised satisfaction for injury 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- brother avenges fallen brother in battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Captives reclaimed after killing their captors 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- devastation avenged by champion 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- engineered kin-vengeance through a doomed challenger 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Feud violence against associated or innocent groups 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Hereditary feud over a slain father 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Inherited enmity against father's foe 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- inherited feud and vengeance across generations 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Inherited feud reopened by account of father's death 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- injured figure flees to powerful kin or ally and reports wrong 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- kin feud escalating to attempted extermination 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- finnish karelian
- Kin-feud remembered and partially answered through battle service 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Kin vengeance after mass killing 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Kinsman's death triggers feud and revenge threats 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Lament leading to revenge battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- leader drawn into combat by the death of a beloved younger kinsman 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Magical vengeance by the kin of a slain giant 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- norse
- Mutilated sister rouses brother’s vengeance 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- mutual destruction in revenge 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Night raid of vengeance 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- public humiliation of a royal woman leading to vengeance vow 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- retaliatory plundering of herds 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Retaliatory violence after a slain kinsman 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- revenge banquet of slain kin 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- norse
- Revenge captivity for slain kin 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Revenge cycle within kinship and marriage alliances 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek roman
- Revenge for slain kinsman as conquest motive 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- revenge urged after kin or allies are slain 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- rival hero clans and strongholds 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- seized honor leading to retaliatory kin-killing 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- sons avenge slain fathers 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek roman
- sons urged to avenge slain father 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- surviving youngest brother avenges losses and recovers what was stolen 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- ainu
- tyranny answered by banquet ambush and tribal retaliation 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- islamic
- vengeance attack for an injured or slain son 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Vengeance by burning the enemy hall 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- norse
- Vengeance debt for a slain child 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- Vengeance for a slain son or youth 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- vengeance for kin injury 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Vengeance for slain envoy 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- islamic
- Vengeance killing restores ancestral treasure 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- vengeance preparation with war chariot 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- vengeance slaughter for slain youths 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- vengeful refusal of ransom or supplication 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- violated queen as trigger of vengeance 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- weak avenger against the strong 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- welcomed guest becomes target of kin vengeance 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- Wounded cherished animal as trigger of feud 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
Causes of War
54 motifs
- threefold ultimatum before conflict 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- islamic
- armed champion combat to settle a claim of honor 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- bride offer used as military inducement 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Bride or beloved linked to martial prowess 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- broken truce followed by failed mass attack 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- combat induced by gifts and promised bride 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Combat to be proven in a feast-hall or house setting 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- competitive inventory of royal wealth 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- contest of renown for the right to divide a feast animal 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Contested division of a feast animal by martial precedence 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Defense of women and herds as battle cause 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Dispute over division of a special animal leading to renewed violence 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- disputed feast portion leading to battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Disrupted wedding feast turns into combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- division of a prestigious boar 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Embassy before war 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- ending wrath and public reconciliation before war 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- enemy leader attempts to buy off the defender 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- enemy's ambiguous warning 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- failed negotiated exchange 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Failed parley followed by siege of a fortified dwelling 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- fatal combat prompted by promised woman or prize 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- fatal game leading to dishonor and vengeance 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- hall seating insult leading to mobilization 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- honor and reputation compel combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- honor at feast requiring valor in battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Insult escalating into factional combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- intra-allied conflict over honour and marriage pledge 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Marriage-like settlement through dowry after raid 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- messenger’s distorted speech causes catastrophic battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- multiple warriors promised the same bride for military service 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- object won after failed mediation and combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- parley breaks down into mutual killing 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- quarrel over warrior weapon as cause of conflict 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- refusal of compensatory gifts to preserve communal honour 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Refused embassy to a wrathful hero 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Rejected suitor’s war over a bride 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- norse
- rejection of diplomacy in favor of force 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- royal spouses compare wealth and status 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- sexual or marriage promise used to secure military truce 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Threat and counter-threat before future conflict 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- ultimatum between restitution and war 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- war brought by a woman’s transfer 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- War contagion through collective outcry 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- war following contention 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek roman
- war for a woman or beloved 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- war over a valued animal or herd 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- warning to avoid a dangerous hero 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- warrior drawn into combat by gifts and an alluring woman 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Warrior wins or claims bride through promised conquest 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- wealth contest between rulers 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- wine and promised woman as inducement to dangerous combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- woman as martial prize or lure 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- women as messengers and mediators between raiding and rescue parties 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
Treachery and Forbidden Kin Combat
62 motifs
- fatal combat between former friends 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- reluctant combat between foster-brothers 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- ambush overcome with lone survivor 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- ancestral feud continuing through bloodline 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Banquet transformed into battlefield 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- battle between members of a warrior band 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- beloved companions forced into mortal combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- beloved foster-brothers forced into combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- betrayed safe-conduct 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- breaking fair combat by group attack or ambush 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- concealed warriors in a peace house 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- concealed warriors inside a fated horse 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- counsel to betray or encircle the hero 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Deceptive hollow war-object admitted into city 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- destined defeat of sorceresses by former pupil 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- fatal ambush at a sacred wedding setting 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- fatal combat between former foster-brothers 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- fatal combat caused by deception or inducement 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Fatal combat caused by night misrecognition 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek roman
- forced duel between comrades 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- former companions forced into deadly combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- former comrades become mortal opponents 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- former friendship broken before mortal duel 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- foster-bond invoked in battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- foster-master mediates between hero and opposing host 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- fosterage or master-pupil obligation in heroic conflict 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- friend-against-friend combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- friendship maintained within mortal combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Hero sent against a deadly adversary to bring about his death 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- honour-bound restraint because of another warrior's safeguard 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- honour-protection restraining violence 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- household reversal 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- maya quiche
- inside helper enables entry to enemy fort 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- internal threat against an overmighty allied troop 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- invisible or magically veiled warrior attacks from concealment 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Jealous slaying of a companion or guest 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- jealousy prompts treacherous ambush against the hero 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- king killed as suppliant at an altar 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek roman
- kinship loyalty opposed to heroic honour 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Kinship restraint in internal warfare 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- kinship warning ignored because of pledged honor 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- norse
- kinsmen fighting in a civil war 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- lured guest ambushed by hidden allies 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- japanese
- Mistaken killing of allies by night 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- night attack on sleeping army in reported battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- night attack with incendiary destruction of a city 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- nocturnal raid on sleeping enemies 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- oath-bound companions forced into fatal combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- paired attackers seek glory by killing a wounded warrior 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- poisoned weapon causes unintended death of allies 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek roman
- reluctant champion compelled to fight former pupil 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- shared fosterage and arms preceding fatal conflict 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- slaughter of sleeping enemies 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- strategic destruction to provoke battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- substitute warrior in another hero's armor 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- substitute warrior in borrowed armor 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Substitute warrior wears hero's armor 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek roman
- substitution by wearing another hero's armor 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- tragic duel between former fellow pupils 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- treacherous abandonment leading to vengeance 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Unfair killing of a rival ruler 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- youth disguised as adult to compel combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
Cosmic and Supernatural Combat
61 motifs
- heroic combat at a god’s sacred precinct 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- supernatural obstruction in battle 2 occurrences · 2 traditions
- celtic
- celtic irish
- Ally restrained from unleashing an overpowering weapon 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- animal attackers in heroic combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- animal chooses a side in battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- battle as divine or celestial dance 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- battle as storm and torrent 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- battle compared to cosmic or elemental opposition 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- battle disturbing the natural world 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- battle in darkness with confused identities 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- blinding of the single-eyed monster 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- collective heroic hunt against a monstrous beast 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- Combat of giant bird and monstrous water-creature 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- finnish karelian
- combat on or in supernatural-seeming water setting 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- contest between divine people and heroic band 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- continual war between small people and cranes 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- dangerous quarry resists or defeats heroic weapons 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- dangerous threshold time in combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- destruction of supernatural or mound dwellings in war 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Divinely authorized armed defense 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- islamic
- elemental magical warfare 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- enchanted weapon duel 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- encounter with an obscured opponent in mist 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- fiery-eyed hero and monster boar combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- fiery weapon neutralized by hero’s arrows 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- gods divided into opposing war factions 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Hero counters supernatural threats with reciprocal injury threats 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- hero defeats storm-causing witches 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- norse
- Hero goes to battle as to a love tryst 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- hero incapacitated by hidden magical attack 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- hero overpowers local water being 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- Heroic animal slays a communal predator 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- buddhist
- Heroic destruction of an enemy sanctuary 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- hidden weapon exposes hero to monster danger 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- ineffective hero's weapon against giant sleeper 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- norse
- Invasion while defenders are under a curse 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- landscape mobilized as battle ally 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- magic-aided feud attack 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- norse
- Magic-assisted duel resulting in death 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- magical concealment before an attack 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- magical concealment in combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Magical invisibility covering in battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- monstrous husband or pursuer demands battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Night attack by supernatural battalions 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- opposing armies claim divine inspiration 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- paired warriors create a single or crossed wound 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Personified discord rejoices in war 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Personified horrors of war 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Personified natural powers refuse combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- predatory war-rush as hungry wolves 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Refusal to undo another hero's binding 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Ritual combat with invisible foes 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- comparative
- ritual object turned weapon 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- special opponent overcome by matching feat or weapon 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Spiritual authority defeats martial power 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- storm-like attacking host 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- supernatural beings fighting humans in bodily form 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- supernatural binding by arrows 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- victory proclamation to cosmic and territorial features 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- weapon-resistant opponent 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- withheld martial advantage or secret body protection 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
Host Battle and Siege
127 motifs
- threatened burning of enemy ships 3 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- fall of a heroic warrior band 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- game continued while battle rages 2 occurrences · 2 traditions
- celtic
- celtic welsh
- hero rescues endangered elder in battle 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- mobile fortress assault 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- threatened burning of the ships 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- allied host gathered for heroic war 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Allies recognize comrades by the sound of blows 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Animal armies wage a mock-heroic war 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- army breaches city defenses with natural forces 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- army mustered for siege of enemy city 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- army suffers under extraordinary snow without shelter 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Arrival and recognition of heroic companies 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- assault on an island fortress 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- attack on ships by fire 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- attempted fiery destruction of enemy ships 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- battle tide through an opened breach 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- battlefield arrow storm 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- battlefield arrow storm obscuring the sun 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- battlefield as harvest or threshing 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- battlefield identification of enemy champions 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- battlefield rescue of an endangered elder or ally 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- besieging host before a fortified city 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- betrayed guests make a doomed last stand 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- norse
- body-shielding failed protection 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Bridge over water to enemy stronghold 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- burning of a hostile city 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Champion chase and single combat at city gate 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek roman
- champion single combat before armies 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- champions hurl stones across a battlefield 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- city destroyed by nocturnal assault and fire 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek roman
- city destruction by fire after capture 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- city sacked for a woman 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- city taken or lost through stratagem and gate surrender 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- sufi
- city under emergency defense 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- Civic tools transformed into weapons 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- Combat with fire, trees, stones, and improvised natural weapons 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- Communal warrior discipline as civic salvation 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- compact shield-wall defense at threatened boundary 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- conquest before plunder 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- crossing water or bridging to enemy stronghold 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- deadly spiked battle vehicle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Defense against threatened burning of ships 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- destined duel and vengeance before city walls 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- disciplined communal warrior-state 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- divinely aided heroic breach of a fortified boundary 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Division of heroic forces by city gates and directions 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- encircling barrier that prevents enemy escape 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Enemy standard cut down in battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- fall of the city with royal blood, captive women, and child-killing 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- female warrior assumes battlefield command 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- female warrior leading cavalry 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- fire attack on enemy vessels 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Foreign host invades to impose tribute 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Foreign or extraordinary ally arrives to aid a doomed city and dies 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- fortification after loss of heroic protection 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- fortified island under threat from across the sea 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Great war as center of a legendary epic cycle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- hero awakened by battle distress 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- hero cuts a gap through enemy ranks 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- hero harassing and reducing a marching host 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- heroes fighting back to back while surrounded 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- heroic aristeia of named battlefield kills 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- heroic contests between opposed peoples 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- finnish karelian
- heroic defense against overseas raiders 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Heroic duel watched by opposing armies 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Heroic gate defense by a small number against a larger force 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- heroic harrying of an army with supplied missiles 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- heroic single combat at a city gate 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- heroic single combat before assembled armies 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- heroic slaughter in a river 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Homeland defended by heroic war-band 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Improvised natural objects as martial equipment 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- improvised objects of feast and house turned into weapons 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- isolated hero surrounded by many and rescued by comrades 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- kin-rescue that turns the battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Kinship and fosterage restraining battlefield violence 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Landscape altered to mark a raid route 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- last stand at the ships with no retreat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Lone champion defending the city gate 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- maiden accompanies raiders and dies in battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- martial defense of bride and sacred object 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- mountain stronghold overcome by concealed night ambush 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- persian
- near-total mutual destruction in night battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- night raid through enemy camp 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- noncombatant drawn into battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- Ominous midnight battlefield 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- one-day war ending at sunset 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- queen-led foray and triumph 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Recognition catalogue of warriors 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Refuge from weapons and battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- finnish karelian
- Religion established by the sword 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- islamic
- rescue of an imperiled comrade by shielded companions 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Rival armies hosted together in one hall 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- routed forces rallied for renewed assault 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- seven leaders against seven gates 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek roman
- Shamed warriors storm a fortress after reproach 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- shield-wall defense of ships 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- siege assault under shield-cover 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- siege tower destroyed by fire 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- single-combat challenge before assembled armies 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- single hero defeats overwhelming host 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- single hero defeats overwhelming hostile host 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Slaughter of grouped royal kin 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Small advance party attacks before the main host 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- small gap becomes rout of a larger formation 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- small war-band inflicts disproportionate losses before annihilation 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- son follows father to war and dies far from home 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- storming and sacking of a fortified hold 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- supernatural breaching of fortifications 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- threat of total destruction of enemy city 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Threatened burning of ships 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Threatened destruction of a city by fire 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- threatened destruction of a city by fire and slaughter 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Threefold escalation of victories and restitution 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- trapped warriors rallied between enemy and sea 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- uprooted tree as heroic battle weapon 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Walled city captured by stratagem 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- War-band of lovers and beloveds 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- war engine defeated by hidden pitfall 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- war-leader queen lays waste and executes captives 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- warrior band destroyed while its leader survives wounded 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- warrior leads counterattack to save burning ships 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- warriors using trees and rocks as weapons 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- weaponized war-chariot massacre 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- wild mountain people against town-builders 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- youthful war-band attempts rescue and is annihilated 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
Champion Combat and Duel
169 motifs
- Single combat at a ford 12 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Combat at a ford 3 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Heroic single combat at a ford 3 occurrences · 2 traditions
- celtic
- celtic irish
- single combat between champions 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- Single knight defeats multiple armed attackers 2 occurrences · 2 traditions
- celtic
- celtic welsh
- weapon returned against its thrower 2 occurrences · 2 traditions
- hindu
- norse
- Amazonian warrior women living apart from men 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Anonymous champion defeats repeated challengers 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- Army seeks a champion to face an overwhelming hero 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- balanced combat without bloodshed 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- battle at a ford as contested boundary 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- battle at a liminal crossing 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- bloodless battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- boast, counter-boast, and vengeance duel 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Borrowed arms for a challenge 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- Challenge cry draws a royal opponent from his stronghold 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Challenge to renewed combat at an appointed time and place 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- challenger seeks a worthy combatant 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Challengers humiliated by prior defeats recalled in public 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- champion avenges insult to a lady's maiden 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- Champion combat against the enemy's best fighter 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Champion recruited with reward to fight the hero 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- champion's challenge to enemy king 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- champion's missile assault with stones and earth 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Champion spares defeated challengers 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- combat at a ford between opposed champions 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- combat halted by sacred mediation and nightfall 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- communal intervention to halt dangerous heroic combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- companions secretly depart and are slain before the hero's duel 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Contest game as outlet for warrior rivalry 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- norse
- Contest prize won through single combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- courteous or chivalric speech between opposing heroes 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- daily champion compact controlling army movement 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- dangerous ally sent against enemy as expendable champion 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- dangerous narrow-way overtake in a contest 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- daylong combat followed by temporary truce 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- deadly intervention by allied archer in a duel 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- deceptive provocation to secure a champion's pledge 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Defeat of champion prompts escalation 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- divine patronage of opposing mortal champions 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Divine suspension of battle through a champion duel 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- enemy champion trapped inside the fortified camp 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- exceptional weapon decides single combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- exchange of arms becomes fatal exchange 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- fatal champion duel at a ford 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- fatal combat at a ford 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Fatal single combat at a ford 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- female archer wins first blood in a male heroic contest 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- Female warrior challenger slain by hero 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek roman
- Female warrior routs multiple male opponents 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- Final duel of life-long rivals 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- ford as site of decisive combat and mourning 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- ford duel as crisis point 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- ford duel decided by a spear throw 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- formal alternation of weapon choice in heroic combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- formal combat challenge and threat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- formal duel with measured weapons and first-strike advantage 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- finnish karelian
- Formal heroic challenge through mutual praise and taunt 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- formal staged duel with weapon progression 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- former companions forced into duel 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- former companions forced into single combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- friend secures victory by obstructing a rival 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- friend versus friend duel 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- giant champion rejects trickery and goes to single combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- giant stone-hurling combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Hero defeats multiple champions in sequence 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- hero defeats successive pursuit animals and leaders 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- hero denied single combat and slain by ambush 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- hero isolated against an army at a ford 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Hero pauses battle to restore exhausted steeds 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- hero rescues threatened woman by killing enemy 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- Hero singles out enemy champion 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Hero slays enemy champion 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- islamic
- Heroic boast and counter-boast as status contest 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- heroic boast of foretold victory 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Heroic challenge answered by opposing champion 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- heroic duel with boasts and exchanged missiles 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- heroic opposition in combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- heroic rivalry measured by martial prowess 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- heroic single combat between matched rivals 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Heroic single combat chosen by lot 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- heroic single combat decides battle momentum 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Heroic single combat with matched weapons 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- heroic youth challenges elder champion 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Honorable face-to-face combat contrasted with distant or stealthy killing 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- impartial judge killed by the contest he witnesses 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- incapacitated enemy champions as false security 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- incited conflict between paired champions 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- liminal combat at a ford 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- lone warrior destroys an advance detachment 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- lone warrior holding a ford against a host 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- lot-ordered heroic contest 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- low-status mediator rejected by powerful combatants 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- maiden's worth vindicated through tournament challenge 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- many attackers against the single champion 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- martial sport feat as boast and challenge 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- matched champions with one secret or exceptional advantage 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- mutual death in combat by engulfing water 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- mutual death of matched champions 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Mutual fall of last combatants 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- mutual killing in single combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- mutual refusal of victory after equal combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- Nightfall delaying destined combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- nightly truce between dueling companions 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Non-wounding display of elite skill 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- ominous lone warrior approaching a camp 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- outnumbered defenders facing successive foreign champions 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- paired champion single combats 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Pathos and honor in combat between champions 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- public insult requiring vengeance by a champion 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- recurring heroic combats and slayings 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- refused mercy before fatal single combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Reluctant champion compelled by taunts 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Reluctant duel with a beloved foster-companion 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Rescue from execution by fire through offered combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- ritualized equal combat with weapon choice by arrival at the ford 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- ritualized single combat with alternating weapon choice 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- rival heroes first meeting as foes 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- rival warriors challenge each other before public combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- royal war sally after champions are slain 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- scout's catalogue of enemy champions 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- sequential ambushes defeated by single knight 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- serial single combats against a dominant champion 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- single champion holds off an army at a ford 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- single champion threatening a host 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- single combat against boastful foreign champion 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- single combat anticipated at a ford 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- single combat as decision of collective conflict 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- single combat as settlement of a marital and political dispute 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- single combat at a defended ford 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- single combat between opposing champions 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- single combat between representative champions 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- single combat carried into water 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- single combat challenge at a ford 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- single combat decides a phase of battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- single combat delays invasion 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- single combat in water ending in drowning 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- single combat sequence in battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- single combat substituted for mass battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Single combat substitutes for wider battle 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- single-combat taunt and counter-taunt before weapon exchange 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- single combat to settle a collective war 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- single combat used to delay an invading army 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- single defender harrying a whole host 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- single hero against overwhelming host 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- single hero blocks an army at a ford 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Single hero defeats multiple challengers at fords 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- single hero defeats multiple elite captains 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- single hero overwhelmed by unfair combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- single warrior blocks an army at a ford 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- single warrior halts or redirects an armed group 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- single warrior holding a ford 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- slayer overcome by stronger slayer 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- comparative
- small champion band withstands larger force through skill 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Supernatural hindrance of a hero in single combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- taunt provoking or redirecting warrior action 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- taunt provoking renewed martial force 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- taunt that rouses a warrior 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- threatened submersion of an opponent 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- three-day combat ordeal or assault 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- unarmed boastful wrestler defeated after incitement 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- unlikely object used as lethal projectile 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Vengeance duel at a ford 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- volunteer champion precedes commander in combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Warning to the hero before a scheduled duel 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- warrior's fame through repeated contests 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic welsh
- Warrior’s vaunting challenge to the opposing host 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- weapon substitution or disarmed warrior 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- world-shaking duel of hero and giant king 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
Not yet placed in a sub-family
1,759 motifs, showing the 60 most attested
- Battlefield as river of blood 5 occurrences · 2 traditions
- hindu
- norse
- Filial vengeance for a slain father 3 occurrences · 3 traditions
- celtic
- hindu
- persian
- heroic last stand of an isolated warrior 3 occurrences · 3 traditions
- hindu
- native american plains
- norse
- vow of blood vengeance 3 occurrences · 2 traditions
- georgian
- hindu
- mother incites sons to avenge a slain sister 3 occurrences · 1 traditions
- norse
- destruction of enemies by burning an enclosed house 2 occurrences · 2 traditions
- native american plateau
- norse
- escalating heroic single combat 2 occurrences · 2 traditions
- hindu
- persian
- Hero defeats multiple challengers without weapons 2 occurrences · 2 traditions
- celtic
- celtic irish
- rejected reconciliation before battle 2 occurrences · 2 traditions
- hindu
- persian
- rival bulls fight to destructive conclusion 2 occurrences · 2 traditions
- celtic
- celtic irish
- Single combat ending in beheading 2 occurrences · 2 traditions
- celtic
- hindu
- Son avenges murdered father 2 occurrences · 2 traditions
- arctic inuit
- zoroastrian
- vengeance for a slain father 2 occurrences · 2 traditions
- hindu
- norse
- destruction of conquered cities by fire 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- mesopotamian
- fatal visit to a hostile court 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- norse
- Final duel of lifelong rivals 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Hall-burning revenge 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- norse
- Magic storm of natural objects and weapons 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Raid-and-reprisal cycle 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- native american southeast
- single hero holding back a collective army 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- slaughter of sleeping or intoxicated enemies 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- vengeance for a slain ancestor 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- persian
- vengeance for slain youths 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- warning before single combat 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- warrior pair surrounded after horse raid 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- native american plains
- weaponized chariot assault 2 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- abandoned enemy settlement burned 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- native american northwest coast
- Abandoning failed ranged weapon for close combat arms 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- absent champion transfers obligation to secondary champion 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- arthurian
- Absent heroic ally delayed by innumerable enemies 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- slavic
- accused warrior answers dishonor with combat challenge 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- persian
- Advance champions seek first blood before the main host arrives 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- adversarial parley before threatened harm 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- norse
- Adversary's missiles caught and turned back against it 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- afro caribbean
- Affectionate truce during a lethal duel 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- aged champion overcomes youthful challenger 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- aged champion returns and defeats a younger challenger 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- all-weapons single combat at a ford 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- Alliance accepted as path toward vengeance for a dead husband 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- germanic
- alliance mustering before impending war 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Alliance through gifts, arms, and promised plunder 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- native american southeast
- allies break through and take the fighters' place 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- native american northwest coast
- ally intervenes when the chosen champion weakens 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- hindu
- Ally intervention prevents single combat 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Ally rebukes inactive leader to defend city, family, and altars 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- Ambush and treachery in intertribal conflict 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- native american southeast
- ambush at a narrow wooded mountain pass 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- Ambush at a river ford 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- norse
- ambush away from protected home 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- norse
- Ambush in a wooded mountain pass 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- roman
- ambush killing by lying in wait 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- norse
- Ambush of the hero while he is in a confined watery place 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- estonian
- ancestral blood vengeance leading to war 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- persian
- animal battle ending as a one-day war 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
- animal-centered heroic contention 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- celtic irish
- animal challenges human strength and is defeated by human weapons 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- shan
- animal champion defeats territorial rivals at bridges 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- romanian
- animal clan blood-feud and revenge feast 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- amazonian
- animal contest as feud catalyst 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- norse
- animal groups locked in destructive conflict 1 occurrences · 1 traditions
- greek
Each motif link opens its evidence page: every tagged passage with its quote, and a path into the book where the passage lives.